Museum Bank Indonesia

Museum Bank Indonesia

Museum, jika kita mendengar kata museum yang ada pada pikiran kita adalah sejarah, hal kuno, menyeramkan dan membosankan. Tapi itu benar-benar bertolak belakang saat kita mengunjungi museum Bank Indonesia yang beralamat di Pintu Besar Utara No. 3  Dekat dengan stasiun kota, Kota Tua, Jakarta Barat.

Di museum Bank Indonesia banyak cerita sejarah perekonomian di Indonesia dari masa penjajahan hingga saat ini. Karena yang kita ketahui Bank Indonesia (BI) merupakan bank sentral sebagai  lembaga yang sangat vital dalam kehidupan perekonomian nasional karena kebijakan yang diambil oleh BI akan memiliki dampak yang langsung dirasakan oleh masyarakat. Di museum tersebut juga terdapat contoh mata uang dari seluruh Negara di dunia, juga bentuk uang yang ada di Indonesia dari dahulu hingga sekarang yang masih berlaku di masyarakat. Kita mengetahui uang yang beredar dan sah sebagai alat tukar menukar di Indonesia ialah resmi dicetak atas naungan Bank Indonesia.

Museum ini awalnya merupakan sebuah rumah sakit Binnen Hospitaal, lalu kemudian digunakan menjadi sebuah bank yaitu De Javashe Bank (DJB) pada tahun 1828. Lalu setelah kemerdekaan yaitu pada tahun 1953, bank ini di-nasionalisasikan menjadi bank sentral Indonesia atau Bank Indonesia. Tapi tidak lama, yaitu tahun 1962, Bank Indonesia pindah ke gedung yang baru. Gedung ini dibiarkan kosong, namun dewan gubernur BI menghargai nilai sejarah yang tinggi atas gedung tersebut, sehingga memanfaatkan dan melestarikannya menjadi Museum Bank Indonesia. Museum ini diresmikan pada 15 Desember 2006 oleh gubernur BI, Burhanuddin Abdullah.

Awal memasuki museum kita disambut ramah olah petugas di museum, kita tidak perlu membayar 1 Rupiah pun untuk dapat masuk dan menikmati wisata sejarah tersebut alias GRATIS, banyak pengunjung khususnya pelajar yang menikmati wisata tersebut ada yang antusias dengan wahana nermain sambil belajar yang disediakan pengelola, ada yang terjaga saat mencatat keragaman sejarah perekonomian Indonesia, atau ada juga hanya melakukan foto-foto akan keunikan arsitektur bangunan dari museum Bank Indonesia. Banyak juga pengunjung asing yang dating karena memang orang asing lebih menyukai wisata sejarah yang unik yang jarang di Indonesia.

Akses yang mudah juga yang membuat banyak masyarakat khususnya warga Jakarta yang dating ke Museum Bank Indonesia. Kita bisa menempuh dengan kereta jurusan Kota, ujung dari jalur kereta arah Jakarta, dari Stasiun Kota ( stasiun Beos Kota ) kita bisa langsung dengan berjalan kaki menuju museum tersebut.

Dari segi kebersihan, museum Bank Indonesia cukup baik karena memang ini wisata indoor dan para pengunjung dilarang membawa makanan dan minuman.  Lobi terlihat mewah dengan kondisi yang sangat bersih, dan sangat sejuk walaupun di siang hari terik, karena gedung ini Full AC.

Kita patut bangga memiliki banyak wisata sejarah yang banyak diminat juga oleh wisata asing, kita wajib mengetahui sejarah perekonomian di Indonesia.

Astri Puji Lestari

3 SA 03

14609862

curug cikaso

CURUG CIKASO

UJUNG GENTENG

www.gunadarma.ac.id

Ujung Genteng, merupakan daerah pesisir pantai selatan Jawa Barat yang terletak di Kecamatan Ciracap, Kabupaten Sukabumi dengan jarak tempuh sekitar 230 kilometer dari Ibu Kota Jakarta. Jika kita melihat peta, daerah tersebut memang benar-benar di ujung selatan Jawa Barat.  Waktu tempuhnya sekitar tujuh atau delapan jam perjalanan menggunakan mobil dan juga terdapat beberapa jalur alternatif yang bisa ditempuh serta sarana angkutan umum yang memadai menuju tempat tujuan. Rute yang harus ditempuh adalah Jakarta – Bogor – Peabuhan Ratu – Jampang Kulon – Surade – Ujung Genteng.

Awalnya,, teman saya mengirimkan pesan kepada saya tentang rencana libura awal tahun setelah perayaan pergantiaan tahun baru. Dia mengatakan rencana kita akan pergi ke Ujung Genteng,, heran bin heran. Ku pikir itu adalah wisata indoor (dalam gedung) dan terdapat dipuncak menara atau gedung tinggi,, namanya juga Ujung Genteng. Tapi ternyata setelah aku searching di google ternyata Ujung Genteng adalah nama sebuah daerah di Sukabumi dan di sana terdapat curug, pantai, dan penangkaran penyu.

Jika membayangkan tempat tersebut memang benar-benar indah, tetapi saat kita menempuh perjalanannya,, waaaww,,,  Memang, jalanan yang melintang sepanjang perjalanan cukup mulus, tidak banyak jalan-jalan yang rusak  tetapi, jalalan yang kami temput melebihi  perjalanan meuju Puncak Bogor. Jalanan semakin lama semakin berbelok-belok, jalan juga tak terlalu lebar. Lebih hebatnya kita memang melewati hutan belantara tanpa ada penerangan sedikitpun dan itu lama sekali, hanya supir berpengalaman yang mampu,,, bisa dibayangkan apalagi saat memasuki Jawa Barat telah lewat pukul 12 malam, memang kami harap-harap cemas,, apa lagi saat kita menemui persimpangan tanpa papan jalan, binggung mana yang benar, kita harus behenti menunggu mobil lewat untuk bertanya arah da itu pukul 3 pagi sangat sedikit mobil yang lewat daerah seperti itu, benar-benar sedikit tapi kami biasa menempuh perjalanan malam, memang dari malam suasana sangat dingin, siapkan jaket tebal dan obat mual, itu hal yang pasti akan dirasakan.

Setelah memasuki daerah Ujung Gentang sudah subuh sekitar pukul 5 pagi, cukup sudah perjalanan tuk hari pertama. Kami memutuskan mengunjungi Curug Cikaso terlebih dahulu di pagi hari, tapi saying saat itu musim hujan jadi aliran curug tak telalu jernih. Setelah memarkirkan kendaraan kami,, kami berjalan kami menuju curug tersebut. Sebenarnya ada dua cara yang dapat ditempuh. Pertama kita bisa menyewa perahu selama 10 menit sebesar 60.000 pulang dan pergi melewati sungai besar atau bisa juga cara kedua yaitu dengan beralan kaki melewati persawahan dan bukit kecil.

Curug Cikaso memiliki 3 jalur air terjun yang cukup tinggi,, tempat ini tidak bisa digunakan untuk berenang karena arusnya cukup deras tapi pemandangannya cukup indah untuk dipandang. Untuk kebersihan,, maaf tapi kami menilai ini dapat mengurangi keindahan curug. Banyak tedapat sampah yang berserakan dan sedikit sekali pengelola menyediakan tempat sampah. Lagi-lagi masalah sampah.

Cukup ironi,, kita membayar Rp 2.000 untuk setiap wisatawan, tapi sedikit kurang sebanding dengan fasilitas yang ada. Semoga saat kami lain waktu berkunjung ke curug Cikaso tak ada lagi hal semacam sampah yang mengurangi indahnya curug J.

Astri Puji Lestari

3 SA 03

14609862

psycological approach 7

Self Worth and Positive Regard

Carl Rogers
http://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.html



Carl Rogers (1951) viewed the child as having two basic needs: positive regard from other people and self-worth.
How we think about ourselves, our feelings of self-worth are of fundamental importance both to psychological health and to the likelihood that we can achieve goals and ambitions in life and achieve self-actualization.
Self-worth may be seen as a continuum from very high to very low.  For Carl Rogers (1959) a person who has high self-worth, that is, has confidence and positive feelings about him or her self, faces challenges in life, accepts failure and unhappiness at times, and is open with people.
A person with low self-worth may avoid challenges in life, not accept that life can be painful and unhappy at times, and will be defensive and guarded with other people.
Rogers believed feelings of self-worth developed in early childhood and were formed from the interaction of the child with the mother and father. As a child grows older, interactions with significant others will affect feelings of self-worth.
Rogers believed that we need to be regarded positively by others; we need to feel valued, respected, treated with affection and loved. Positive regard is to do with how other people evaluate and judge us in social interaction. Rogers made a distinction between unconditional positive regard and conditional positive regard.
Unconditional positive regard is where parents, significant others (and the humanist therapist) accepts and loves the person for what he or she is.  Positive regard is not withdrawn if the person does something wrong or makes a mistake.  The consequences of unconditional positive regard are that the person feels free to try things out and make mistakes, even though this may lead to getting it worse at times.  People who are able to self-actualize are more likely to have received unconditional positive regard from others, especially their parents in childhood.
Conditional positive regard is where positive regard, praise and approval, depend upon the child, for example, behaving in ways that the parents think correct.  Hence the child is not loved for the person he or she is, but on condition that he or she behaves only in ways approved by the parent(s).  At the extreme, a person who constantly seeks approval from other people is likely only to have experienced conditional positive regard as a child.

psychological approach 6

Hierarchy of Needs

The Five Levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

By Kendra Cherry, About.com Guide

http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofpersonality/a/hierarchyneeds.htm

 

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

J. Finkelstein

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 Psychologist Abraham Maslow first introduced his concept of a hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation"¹ and his subsequent book Motivation and Personality.² This hierarchy suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs.

This hierarcy is most often displayed as a pyramid. The lowest levels of the pyramid are made up of the most basic needs, while the more complex needs are located at the top of the pyramid. Needs at the bottom of the pyramid are basic physical requirements including the need for food, water, sleep, and warmth. Once these lower-level needs have been met, people can move on to the next level of needs, which are for safety and security.
As people progress up the pyramid, needs become increasingly psychological and social. Soon, the need for love, friendship, and intimacy become important. Further up the pyramid, the need for personal esteem and feelings of accomplishment take priority. Like Carl Rogers, Maslow emphasized the importance of self-actualization, which is a process of growing and developing as a person in order to achieve individual potential.

Types of Needs

Maslow believed that these needs are similar to instincts and play a major role in motivating behavior. Physiological, security, social, and esteem needs are deficiency needs (also known as D-needs), meaning that these needs arise due to deprivation. Satisfying these lower-level needs is important in order to avoid unpleasant feelings or consequences.
Maslow termed the highest-level of the pyramid as growth needs (also known as being needs or B-needs). Growth needs do not stem from a lack of something, but rather from a desire to grow as a person.

Five Levels of the Hierarchy of Needs

There are five different levels in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs:

1. Physiological Needs
   These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the need for water, air, food, and sleep. Maslow believed that these needs are the most basic and instinctive needs in the hierarchy because all needs become secondary until these physiological needs are met.


2. Security Needs
   These include needs for safety and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Examples of security needs include a desire for steady employment, health insurance, safe neighborhoods, and shelter from the environment.


3. Social Needs
   These include needs for belonging, love, and affection. Maslow considered these needs to be less basic than physiological and security needs. Relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments, and families help fulfill this need for companionship and acceptance, as does involvement in social, community, or religious groups.


4. Esteem Needs
   After the first three needs have been satisfied, esteem needs becomes increasingly important. These include the need for things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition, and accomplishment.


5. Self-actualizing Needs
   This is the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Self-actualizing people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others, and interested fulfilling their potential.

psychological approach 5

learn more about psychological approach with abraham maslow
enjoy it !!!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bo1fnexCY8

pschological approach 4

Types of Literary Criticism: Psychological Criticism

Michelle Foster, Yahoo! Contributor Network

The psychological literary critic view literary work from the psychological approach. Much of the human mental process takes place in the subconscious mind and reveals itself through symbols and codes. According to Sigmund Freud, these codes are designed for the subconscious to conceal its thoughts from the conscious mind. The psychological literary critic seeks to decode these meanings within the work of a writer by analyzing the writer's psychology as it applies to the works that he or she has written. There are three approaches to psychological criticism. The first approach is to investigate that psychological process of art and how it relates to normal mental functions. This approach takes into account the effect that the work has on the reader. How the work impacts the mental and sensory functions of the reader is as major concern for the psychological literary critic.
The second approach to dealing with psychological literary criticism is to study the psychology of the writer. This approach seeks to understand the motivations and behavior of the writer. What makes him tick. This helps the psychological critic understand the work better because it reveals those subconscious nuances that are released in the symbolism of the work that might otherwise be missed.
The third approach to psychological literary criticism is to analyze fictional characters. The writer can live out subconscious wishes and desires through the characters he or she creates and to analyze these characters give insight into the psychology of the writer. It attempts to bring modern insights of human behavior into the study of how the fictional character behaves.
Psychological criticism carefully examines the surface of the work, the main story or the seemingly apparent meaning of the piece, while speculating about what is really going on with the character and the writer in the meantime, what lies beneath'"what is the hidden message of the piece. There are often unspoken memories, motivations and fears at work which shape the characters which the writer writes about'"either in the mind of the writer, or qualities that the writer gives the character, especially fictional characters that can be more easily manipulated than real characters. These hidden motivations are what shapes the work and gives it meaning.
Psychological critics also look at the language used by the writer which can give a lot of insight to the piece as well. Freud suggested that jokes and slips of the tongue are evidence of the speaker's fears and desires, which is among the things that the psychological literary critic is looking for.
Sources:
Literature, An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing, 11d, X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia, © 2010.
http://voices.yahoo.com/types-literary-criticism-psychological-8414503.html


my conclusion ===>

Sigmund Freud was a psychologist. According to him, all human thought processes in its own consciousness and it is expressed through the code. The psychological literary writings by decode it.
There are three approaches to psychological criticism:
1. Psychological approch to knowing psychological criticism of art, whether associated with a normal mental function.
2. Psychological approach to learn psychological of the author, what is the motivation and attitude that make her job better.
3. Psychological approach to understand the fictional character, trying to figure out the character of the author, these characters give insight into the psychology of the author.
Psychological critics also look at the language used by the author that can give a lot of knowledge. Freud suggested that jokes is evidence of the speaker's fears and desires that the psychological literary critic is looking for.
astri,,,

pschological approach 3

Psychological Criticism: This approach reflects the effect that modern psychology has had upon both literature and literary criticism. It is akin to biographical criticism as it looks at the author--this time from a psychoanalytic stance. Fundamental figures in psychological criticism include Sigmund Freud, whose "psychoanalytic theories changed our notions of human behavior by exploring new or controversial areas like wish-fulfillment, sexuality, the unconscious, and repression" as well as expanding our understanding of how "language and symbols operate by demonstrating their ability to reflect unconscious fears or desires"; and Carl Jung, whose theories about the  unconscious are also a key foundation of mythological criticism (see below). Psychological criticism has a number of approaches, but in general, it usually employs one (or more) of three approaches:

     1. An investigation of "the creative process of the artist: what is the nature of literary genius and how does it relate to normal mental functions?" 
     2. The psychological study of a particular artist, usually noting how an author's biographical circumstances affect or influence their motivations and/or behavior. 

     3. The analysis of fictional characters using the language and methods of psychology. 

http://www.charlesyoungs.com/english12honors/criticalapproachestoliterature.html